Fibre is a word that often comes up in connection with health, but what does it actually mean – and why does it play such an important role for the body? We asked Professor Rikard Landberg, one of Sweden's foremost food researchers, if he could answer some of the most common questions about fibre.

Why should we focus on eating fibre?

Today, we generally eat too little fibre in relation to the existing recommendations, which are based on what research shows is good for human health. A sufficient fibre intake is important both for preventing disease and for maintaining good health. Fibre contributes physiologically to a well-functioning digestive system and also serves as an important energy source for our gut bacteria.

What happens if you don't get enough fibre?

A low fibre intake affects, for example, a slower and less well-functioning gut. In the long term, research shows a clear link between a high intake of dietary fibre and a reduced risk of chronic diseases.

Today there is a lot of talk about eating more protein, why should we talk about eating more fibre?

Right now, there's a lot of focus on protein in the diet, but the fact is that most people already meet their protein needs through their regular diet. From that perspective, it's relevant to discuss different ways to increase dietary fibre intake.

What is unique about the fibres in oats?

Oats contain abundant soluble fibres, especially beta-glucans. What makes these fibres special is their ability to bind water in the gut and form a viscous and slow-flowing gel. This property allows beta-glucans to trap nutrients and contribute to their slower absorption. It is also the most important explanation for the well-known effects that beta-glucans have on cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Is it enough just to increase fibre intake – or is there more to consider?

It's not just about quantity but also about variety. To achieve a good effect, it's important to eat a variety of foods that provide different types of dietary fibre. Both soluble and insoluble fibres are important for our health.

Summary

Fibre is a central part of a healthy diet. It contributes to a well-functioning gut, benefits the gut flora, and is linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The fibres in oats, such as beta-glucans, in particular, have unique properties that affect how the body processes nutrients over time.

Rikard is a professor of food science at Chalmers University of Technology and one of Sweden's foremost food researchers.